Sunday, July 25, 2010

Automotive navigation system (Page 2/2)

5. Retrofitting of GPS

A vehicle can be retrofitted with a GPS navigation device unit if it did not originally have one. There are three approaches that can be taken here:

5. 1. Portable GPS

This type of GPS navigation device is not permanently integrated into the vehicle, having only a simple bracket to mount the device on the surface of the dashboard and powered via the car cigarette lighter. This class of GPS unit does not require professional installation and can typically be used as handheld device, too.

Benefits of this type of GPS unit include low cost as well as the ability to move them easily to other vehicles. Their portability means they are easily stolen if left inside the vehicle. Furthermore, not having a compass, accelerometer or inputs from the vehicle's speed sensors, means that they cannot navigate as accurately by dead reckoning as some built-in devices when there's no GPS signal. More modern portable devices such as the TomTom 920, have an inbuilt accelerometer to try to address this.

A portable automotive navigation system kit generally includes:


Early Factory Navigation System (as fitted to 1997 UK Specification Ford Mondeo)

5. 2. Original factory equipment

Many vehicle manufacturers offer a GPS navigation device as an option in their vehicles. Customers whose vehicles did not ship with GPS can therefore purchase and retrofit the original factory-supplied GPS unit. In some cases this can be a straightforward "plug-and-play" installation if the required wiring harness is already present in the vehicle. However, with some manufacturers, new wiring is required, making the installation more complex.


Modern Factory Navigation System (as fitted to a 2009 U.S. Honda Accord)

The primary benefit of this approach an integrated and factory-standard installation. Many original systems also contain agyrocompass or accelerometer and may accept input from the vehicle's speed sensors, thereby allowing them to navigate viadead reckoning when a GPS signal is temporarily unavailable. [17] However, the costs can be considerably higher than other options. In some cases, it may even be more economical to buy a similar vehicle that already has a factory-fitted GPS.

5. 3. Aftermarket

A number of manufacturers supply aftermarket GPS navigation devices that can be integrated permanently into the vehicle. A typical location for such an installation is the DIN slot for the radio/tape/CD. However, in extreme cases, the dashboard may also be remodeled to accommodate the unit.

This approach can be considered a tradeoff between the previous two options. Benefits include a more secure and better cosmetic finish than a portable device, and lower cost compared to the installation of an original factory-supplied GPS.

6. Alternatives

Smartphones with GPS, and other navigation devices, may also be used without installing in a car.

Further information: GPS navigation device

6. 1. SMS

Establishing points of interest in real-time and transmitting them via GSM cellular telephone networks using the Short Message Service (SMS) is referred to as Gps2sms. Some vehicles and vessels are equipped with hardware that is able to automatically send an SMS text message when a particular event happens, such as theft, anchor drift or breakdown. The receiving party (e.g., a tow truck) can store the waypoint in a computer system, draw a map indicating the location, or see it in an automotive navigation system.

7. Example systems


Navigon

8. See also

9. References

  1. Cartographies of Travel and Navigation, James R. Akerman, p.277
  2. "Corporate info | Beginnings of Alpine
  3. "Honda Worldwide | History". World.honda.com.http://world.honda.com/history/challenge/1981navigationsystem/index.html. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  4. "Analog to Digital: A Three-year Detour Leads to the Goal" in "Gyro research: the World's First Automotive Navigation system"
  5. "Heritage Archives - MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC". Global.mitsubishielectric.com.http://global.mitsubishielectric.com/heritage/contents/gps/page_1.html. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  6. "History - Pioneer UK". Pioneer.co.uk. http://www.pioneer.co.uk/uk/content/company/company/history.html. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  7. "Magellan GPS - Sitemap". Corp.magellangps.com. http://corp.magellangps.com/en/aboutUs/. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  8. "Oldsmobile's Proud American History Page". Oldsmobile.com.http://www.oldsmobile.com/olds/enthusiasts/default6a40.html. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  9. ^ Mitani, Sam. Road and Track. April 1994 issue. "A Date with ONIS", subsection of article "GPS and the No-Longer-Lost Generation". Page 184.
  10. "The United States' Decision to Stop Degrading Global Positioning System Accuracy". Clinton4.nara.gov. 2000-05-01. http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_2.html. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
  11. Microsoft (March 4, 2002). "Microsoft Technology Hits the Road in BMW 7 Series". Press release.http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2002/mar02/03-04BMWpr.mspx.
  12. "Physical Storage Format". PSF Initiative. http://www.psf-initiative.com/. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  13. "Woman runs for her life after satnav leads her into path of a train". Daily Mail. 2007-05-11.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=453991&in_page_id=1770.
  14. "HGVs told to ignore sat-nav guide". BBC News. 2007-02-19.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/6375459.stm.
  15. "BMW left teetering on 100ft cliff edge after sat-nav directs driver up steep footpath". MailOnline. 2009-03-25.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1164705/BMW-left-teetering-100ft-cliff-edge-sat-nav-directs-driver-steep-footpath.html. Retrieved 2010-01-25.
  16. "GPS beats radar gun". Herald Sun. 2007-06-02. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,21999706-661,00.html. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
  17. In-Car Positioning and Navigation Technologies—A Survey, I. Skog, and P. Händel, [1]
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